I’M Not Her by Janet Gurtler Isu with Summary

I’m Not Her by Janet Gurtler Written by Jordyn Leavens The epic that I am perusing is â€Å"I’m Not Her† by Janet Gurtler. It is about the battles a little youngster, named Tess, experiences when she discovers that her sister, Kristina, was determined to have malignant growth. Tess has consistently been admiring her more seasoned sister, since her sister was consistently the focal point of the group, lively, delightful one and Tess was consistently the savvy, un-well known one. It was in every case hard on Tess, so when her sister was determined to have disease, she felt as though she could at last be known.All of Kristina’s companions begun become a close acquaintence with Tess, presently that her sister wasn’t at school. Despite the fact that Tess adored the prominence, she had a ton of difficulty as well. Not many individuals were getting some information about the entire malignancy circumstance yet there was one individual who was consistently t here for her. His name was Clark. In the wake of talking a long time with him, Tess started to need to be all the more then companions with him. Yet, Tess likewise realized that she must be there for her sister and didn’t have the opportunity to have a genuine love life by then in time.Then Tess met a kid from school named Jeremy. Jeremy really likes Kristina, but on the other hand is presently old buddies with Tess. Tess was asking why he would consistently discuss Kristina, and afterward he at long last educated her that he generally spends time with her at the medical clinic when he is visiting his mom, who additionally has malignancy. My underlying reaction once I read the principal third of the book was that I am truly going to appreciate it. I believed that since it has a solid plot which makes it extremely fascinating for me to read.I like how the writer comes to the heart of the matter, yet at the same time makes you consider what is happening in the novel. Something else that made me figure it will be a decent book is that it is extremely practical so I can identify with what’s occurring and truly comprehend the things going on. A couple of things that I truly like about this novel that I truly like are that the writer composes with a ton of significance and it causes you to feel what’s going on much better, the characters have a ton of character and there is a great deal happening.One thing I didn’t truly like about the book is that you sort of get lost with the entirety of the companions of Kristina’s conversing with Tess constantly. Something else I hate about the novel is that it’s binding abstract gadgets, which makes it somewhat simple to peruse. Albeit a few pieces of this novel are somewhat befuddling or aren’t the best, it is as yet a great book up until this point and I’m truly getting a charge out of it. I truly like the entirety of the characters in this book since they are on the who le so extraordinary and they all have their own personality.If I needed to pick one that I preferred best, I would need to state Kristina is my top pick. I like her the best since she is an extremely solid young person. It must be exceptionally hard to experience everything she’s experienced, and I’m sure there is still significantly more things that she will wind up experiencing. In the event that she didn’t have Tess as a sister, there to help and solace her, I’m sure she would be in a totally different spot, since her folks aren’t being excessively strong, realizing that she is making some hard memories with this all.In end, I think this is a truly elegantly composed book and I am very eager to keep perusing the remainder of the book. It never gets exhausting and consistently has something going on. I sense that I can’t put the book down when I’m perusing on the grounds that toward the finish of pretty much every section, the write r would leave you with a cliffhanger, which I like a ton. Up until now, this is an incredible book and I would prescribe to anybody to understand it.

Social Work Practice: Values and Ethics

Social Work Practice: Values and Ethics Presentation At its most essential social work is a reliable and sorted out way to deal with the social issues of families and people. It is a methodology that centers around helping individuals to support themselves (Moore, 2002).[1]Most specialists enter social work due to a guarantee to social equity, or at any rate a craving to help other people and to see improvement and constructive change in people’s lives. Present day social work, alongside other open administrations, is by and large progressively run along business lines and market standards. Today’s social specialist consequently is faced with the administrative methodology, execution markers, care directors and care bundles. Given the present situation where everything is guided by spending plans and the need to fulfill those in control by handling a case as fast as conceivable one marvels whether a social specialist has the opportunity to be guided by general moral standards, not to mention a particular code of training. In the present atmosphere it is anything but difficult to overlook that social laborers are focused on the perspective on the inherent human worth of every person, and the attendant view that every individual merits the most ideal consideration and exhortation. In 1948 the Universal Declarati[2]on of Human Rights appeared. The revelation epitomizes a perspective on the innate worth and nobility of the human individual. The statement embraces the idea of individual opportunity on the premise that such opportunity didn't encroach the privileges of others, these are the rights on which a lot of social work practice is based. This paper will start with a general meaning of morals. It will at that point take a gander at the morals and qualities which support social work practice. There will be an appraisal of social work esteems and of their importance to hostile to unfair and against severe practice. Morals Morals are general good rules that are proposed to advise the administering regarding human conduct. In this manner, a great many people would hold to the view that a few things, for example, brutality and murder are never right, or unscrupulous. Moral codes, be that as it may, might be founded on moral standards, however are not as generalisable or all around pertinent. This is on the grounds that they allude to specific callings and the manner by which proficient conduct is administered. Such moral codes can't be supposed to be impartial or esteem free since they are logical. They emerge inside a specific setting and are applied to a specific reason accordingly, moral codes are impacted by the philosophies held in that unique circumstance (Butler, 2000). The setting being analyzed here, is that of social work practice. Codes of training and morals are regularly hopeful, since they might be viewed as giving an outline to how a social laborer should act when it is difficult to admini ster for each circumstance, and this may bring about a misguided feeling that all is well and good (Banks, 2003). Social specialists in this manner, should have the option to perceive when the code of training inside which they are required to work, doesn't work inside a structure that is educated by human rights and social equity (Husband, 1995). The Client’s Needs Shon (1991) has contended that: Experts guarantee to add to social prosperity, put their clients’ needs in front of their own, and consider themselves responsible to norms of ability and ethical quality. (Schon, 1991:11-12). A few pundits keep up that the manner by which social administrations frequently works is self-serving as opposed to serving the requirements of the customers, yet social specialists do police themselves and their calling. The manner by which they do this is to contemplate what they are doing, why they are doing it, and what moral ramifications this may have. Positively social hard working attitudes ought not persuade that the social work calling should serve itself, rather the requirements of the customer ought to be generally significant. One of the manners in which this is accomplished is by setting up clear relationship limits at an early stage. This is on the grounds that association with a customer that is too close to home is in opposition to what the BASW needs to state about social hard working attitudes and qualities. The social work calling advances social change, critical thinking in human connections and the strengthening and freedom of individuals to improve prosperity. Using hypotheses of human conduct and social frameworks, social work mediates at the focuses where individuals collaborate with their surroundings. Standards of human rights and social equity are major to social work (BASW,2001). [3] Social work practice, so as to be moral practice must be fixated on the requirements of administration clients Social laborers of need intercede in people’s lives and have an impact on circumstances, moral dynamic is in this way an imperative segment of social work practice (Osmo and Landau, 2001). The Association is there to offer guidance to social specialists on what comprises moral dynamic in various settings. Moral Decision Making Dynamic must be grounded in the qualities and morals of social work. A portion of the issues that social specialists need to manage and that include them in moral dynamic revolve around adjusting the privileges of one individual against others, around open government assistance and issues of institutional and auxiliary persecution. This can make life troublesome in light of the fact that the social specialist has then to distinguish when foundations and structures are being harsh and how the estimations of social work might be utilized to battle this. Dynamic is additionally risky in light of the fact that social specialists are focused on classification as for the individuals they work with. Some of the time a social specialist is confronted with a circumstance where the person in question may, for more noteworthy's benefit, be compelled to break the ethic of secrecy in light of the fact that the customer might be a risk to themselves of another person. This causes a contention of q ualities and the social laborer has, with the assistance of his/her administrator, to adjust the necessities of the person against the requirements of more prominent's benefit. At any rate social work should start with an unmistakable promise to social equity which tries to challenge destitution and segregation in the entirety of its structures since social work has its underlying foundations in the nineteenth century moves to annihilate neediness and joblessness. Everybody has the privilege to be shielded from misuse and to be treated with deference. This isn't simple when Government talks express worry for consideration and correspondence for example for those with emotional wellness issues, at that point utilize talks which disregard factors, for example, race, sexual orientation and class and social conditions, that are appropriate to any legitimate comprehension of a person’s condition. The Human Rights Act of 1998 makes it required for neighborhood specialists to act in manners that are acquainted with the Act. Social laborers help with the issues looked by individuals with incapacities. Social specialists have an obligation to be acquainted with the Human Rights Act and the Community Care Act of 1990. Social specialists are confronted with settling on choices concerning what characterizes an individual with incapacities and furthermore how to evaluate their necessities. In the event that an inappropriate type of care is recommend ed, for example confinement under the Mental Health Act for an individual who doesn't satisfy the predetermined standards, at that point this could be an encroachment of human rights. Social laborers are compelled by a solemn obligation to put together their training with respect to ideas of human rights and social equity and yet they should be progressively mindful of how the imbalances that they find in the public eye may influence their training (Cemlyn and Briskman 2003). Society doesn't generally work to the greatest advantage of the unique individual, moreover, the presentation of market standards into social consideration can imply that the legitimate system inside which a social specialist needs to act may likewise (anyway much it is unintended) neutralize singular rights. A few pundits for example Challis (1990) keep up that before showcase standards and managerialism being brought into social consideration, social laborers worked with an a lot more noteworthy level of opportunity. It is ostensibly the situation that the social laborer is compelled by a sense of honor to act as per a procedure that is educated by the esteeming of the human individual and the idea of human rights, and may, along these lines, should be set up to work outside of a system that (but unintended) keeps them from working as indicated by this ethic (Cemlyn and Briskman, 2003). Wolff (2002) talks about uprightness morals being the base of social work practice on account of its anxiety with an equitable society and equity for people. Remembering this social laborers look to take part in hostile to unfair and against abusive practice in all that they do. Against biased and Anti-severe Practice An emancipatory and hostile to severe demeanor is a basic segment of moral social work, social laborers ought to be individuals empowering agents, empowering individuals to defend their privileges and giving them a voice. Horton and Pattapen (2004) contend that in contemporary society people are regularly debilitated in quantities of ways and feel incapable to adapt to the principles that direct their lives. Social laborers manage the pain that outcomes from this and in their training should address social frameworks wherein an expanding number of individuals experience the ill effects of foul play, abuse, and avoidance from standard society. Hostile to prejudicial practice implies assessing auxiliary burdens for example how the structures of society regularly neutralize certain gatherings for example those with handicaps, ladies, and ethnic minorities. It additionally implies that the social laborer takes care not to utilize unfair language and to put forth a valiant effort to advan ce the pride and self-esteem of administration clients. The ethos of the value of individual human people is regularly balanced by current social work practice. Under the rules for social consideration social specialists help people to pick what is best for them, by and by be that as it may, care chiefs are the individuals who hold the financial plans and budgetary concerns can

Unremarkable things

Unremarkable things The other day I was talking to someone new, and he asked me what year I was. I said junior, and he said, “ah, yeah, that’s usually when people start to become super jaded. Have you gotten to that point yet?” I said, “hm, I don’t know.” It’s interesting, I’ve heard people use that word here before, like it’s a thing becoming jaded with being at MIT after experiencing two or three years of it. It means losing your underclassman excitement, feeling tired and cynical, not bothering to remind yourself that you’re living out a rare and coveted opportunity, and generally not caring as much. I don’t know if it’s the word I would use to describe how I’ve been feeling, but I know there was a point in the past when I cared more than I do today. I don’t think that’s necessarily a bad thing, though, it’s more just an observation. One way to describe how I have been feeling since the semester started is something like “disillusioned,” but with maybe fewer angsty connotations. I think that the things you tend to notice and find significant in life are partly reflective of your own internal state, and I keep noticing in various unrelated situations this theme of realizing that a past self had been naïvely idealistic, and coming to peace with that fact. Friends reluctantly drop one or two of their six classes; something I agreed to in the name of optimistic spontaneity turns out to be a disappointment. An artist I like retires to be a “normal person” because he’s grown out of his youthful idealism. Seniors I talk with are reconciling their freshman dreams of doing important and revolutionary things with the reality that they’re most likely about to go into the world to have a productive but unremarkable career. So it goes. Being a junior, I know that living through MIT is not much like the ideal I imagined when I applied. The things that past-me envisioned in that fantasy weren’t exactly wrong more just like a very tiny and particular subset of my actual experience. I had pictured all the moments of triumph over hard things and meeting some of the world’s most interesting people, and I think I even understood that I would one day pull two all-nighters in a row. I imagined what it would be like to live through stereotyped conceptions of the kinds of things an alum would find most memorable one day, and assumed that that collection of noteworthy experiences would represent what these years feel like while they’re happening. I understood that “MIT is amazing” and “MIT is hard,” that some days you feel like you’ve truly found paradise while other days you hate this place, and sometimes you feel both simultaneously. These mantras, again, aren’t wrong. I feel amazed by my life some days, and others I could be hit by a truck and sent away to Mass General Hospital and think “oh thank god, a vacation.” I guess the point is that I never really considered the majority of my time which would feel like neither: unexciting and normal, not IHTF-place nor IHTF-paradise, just like “ah, I gotta go pset, I’ll be in Hayden for the next few hours.” I hadn’t thought about experiences like sitting in the lecture of my third-favorite class, refreshing social media to procrastinate psetting, and doing routine things that aren’t fun, but are fine. If I had wanted to imagine MIT more accurately, I should have fantasized about waking up, going to class, eating, working/reading/wasting time, maybe hanging out, eating, working more, going to sleep, and then repeating this many many times over with notable things periodically thrown in. At the start, I was definitely too optimistic about how much fun I would have in college. I think most people are. But going further than that, I came with a more insidious type of idealism about how consistently interesting my life here should be. Some amount of excitement is unavoidable as an underclassman because everything is so new, but when the excitement fades along with the newness, it might feel like attaching the quality of “cool and memorable” to certain things was an illusion you’ve now sobered up from. Which is sad in some ways, but also an inevitable and necessary part of growth. For me, coming to terms with the fact that most of life in general will feel unremarkable has been a reluctant process. I think for a while I tried to fight the feeling of ordinariness and overcompensate with a sort of dramatic over-enthusiasm for everything, directing my attention to the most important-seeming ideas I could think of. I was genuinely happy most of the time, but also incredibly isolated, and developed a set of habits which I couldn’t imagine having forever. I realized this semester that this wouldn’t be sustainable, mourned that illusion, and moved forward. So I don’t know. Growing up is awkward and not-cute and painful and hard, but has to be done eventually. This semester I am feeling more cynical and less enthusiastic than last, but also more grounded and sobered and stable. I’m taking four classes and a seminar, and they are okay. I really like 14.18 (Mathematical Economic Modeling), but 6.042 (Math for Computer Science) is kind of bleh. I still care a lot about certain ideas, but I am spending less time thinking about them. I have told a couple of people that my “new semester resolution” is to be a bit more social, and I got a Facebook account, and I got coffee yesterday with a close friend I hadn’t spoken to in a long time. He told me “I’m glad you still exist.” You too, friend. Two panels taken from a comic that I liked, painted earlier this month.

The Health Belief Model Of College Students - 807 Words

In the 1950’s the health belief model (HBM) was introduced to explain why people who are healthy, continue to participate in activities that keep them free of illness; while others neglect to be involved with healthy activities (Pender, Murdaugh, Parsons, 2015). PubMed was used to find this article with the limitations of an article written in the last five years, humans, and English; the Mesh words used was health belief model. The article Applying the health belief model to college students’ health behavior, written by Kim, Ahn, and No, in 2012, reviews the study done to explain the use of HBM on college students and healthy students. This paper will discuss the use of the health belief model, in college students, to determine if their knowledge of nutrition will affect their healthy behaviors. Kim, Ahn, and No used a quantitative method was used examine multiple factors of the study. A collection of 251 questionnaires were given to six different classes via online learning system or class email. The questions addressed nutrition confidence, susceptibility, severity, barrier, and benefit of the intent to eat healthy and the intent to do physical activity. Two pilot studies to determine if the respondents could understand what was being tested and to check the validity of the study. The healthy belief method was demonstrated with this study. The study demonstrated that the impact of health beliefs on behavior showed a direct relationship between healthShow MoreRelatedHPV Vaccines1438 Words   |  6 PagesUtilizing the Health Belief Model, research has found many different factors that influence beliefs and compliance behavior with the HPV vaccine and some interventions that might increase compliance. In a study done by Kelly Rhea MacArthur evaluating the role of trust in HPV vaccine decision making among college students, it was found that perceived severity and perceived efficacy are two barriers that can be addressed by forming a trusting relationship with a health care provider (MacArthur, 2017)Read MoreCondom Use A Method Of Birth Control1513 Words   |  7 Pagesthis instrument is to evaluate a health belief model based on condom use intervention targeting undergraduate students. Research studies have been done to measure the number of people who use con doms as a form of contraception (Moore Melkote, 2009). Research studies show condom use and other prevention methods can reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and protect against pregnancy (Moore Melkote, 2009). HIV/AIDS Risk among College Students in the United States was a studyRead MoreVaccinations : Health Belief Model1358 Words   |  6 PagesVaccinations Health Belief Model Mackenzie Butcher To get vaccinated or to not get vaccinated is a very important issue that is now back on the rise. The target group for this paper would be young mothers and college aged adults. The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate how the Health Belief model can be used to teach a person the importance of vaccinating themselves and their children. As a new, young parent many people do not know the benefits of vaccines and they don’t understandRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Azure College A Nursing Institution1159 Words   |  5 Pagesa Professional Practice Model Nursing career is one of the most respectful professions not only in the United States but also around the world. The remarkable aspect that makes nursing in such position is the evolution of the nursing theorists, the nursing theories, and the nursing philosophy. Among of these three, the nursing philosophy is the one that really identifies the nursing mission, and the fundamental evidence-based practice of nursing. In this case, many health organizations include nursingRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Is Used For Health Promotion And Health Education738 Words   |  3 PagesThe Health Belief Model is commonly used for health promotion and health education. Its’ underlying concept is that health behavior is explained by perception of the disease and the strategies available to lower its occurrence. There are four perceptions of the HBM, which are perceived seriousness, perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers. In addition to that, more constructs ar e added to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacyRead MoreScope Of Problem Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesScope of Problem (1-2 Pages) Drug use among college student continues to be a public health issue. North America is facing an epidemic of opioid addiction and opioid overdose with an unprecedented level of mortality (Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2017). Opioids are a drug category that contains both illegal and prescription drugs and their main effect is to relieve pain, but when taken in excess, they also produce euphoric side effects. Opioid use can lead to addiction, even when used properlyRead MoreEssay On Calcium Intake1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfemales 70+ years old intake 1,200 mg of calcium every day (â€Å"Calcium Fact Sheet,† 2016). However, both genders of almost all ages fall short of meeting the established Adequate Intake level (â€Å"Nutrient Recommendations,† n.d.). According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), only 65  ± 3.2% of males between ages 19-30 fall above the AI for daily calcium intake, falling to a mere 31  ± 2.7% for males above the age of 71. Younger women meet the AI requirement more frequently thanRead MoreThe Role Of Spiritual Development On College Students Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesmany aspects of identity development in college students. Spiritual development involves an internal process of students seeking authenticity and wholeness, as well congruence with their own beliefs and actions. According to Park and Millora (2010), many college students are suffering from mental health issues and it is important that professionals are able to give the best care to students to prevent any threat to themselves and others. They stated that students, depending on their cultural backgroundRead MoreThe Importance Of Health1267 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican college students in the Hattiesburg area are less knowledgeable of healthy proportions of foods and resources available to them that would help foster the awareness of eating healthier. Only 20% of 25 participants that were surveyed indicated that they ha d an exceptional understanding of basic nutrition fundamentals. Preference was the driving force of the target population’s food selection. The health belief model would be an excellent method of understanding how the college students perceiveRead MoreEffects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1587 Words   |  7 PagesA great deal of students experience issues related to sleep when coming to college. These issues in sleep can be related to stress, going out and coming home late, or difficulties in adjusting to the college life. There are many ways college students are able to seek help for their difficulties in sleep. Sleep deprivation cannot only cause fatigue but also health issues such as a weakened immune system. College is said to be one of the best times of someone’s life, but with sleep difficulties it

How Is Gold Formed Origins and Process

Gold is a chemical element easily recognized by its yellow metallic color. It is valuable because of its rarity, resistance to corrosion, electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and beauty. If you ask people where gold comes from, most will say you obtain it from a mine, pan for flakes in a stream, or extract it from seawater. However, the true origin of the element predates the formation of the Earth. Key Takeaways: How Is Gold Formed? Scientists believe all the gold on Earth formed in supernovae and neutron star collisions that occurred before the solar system formed. In these events, gold formed during the r-process.Gold sank to the Earths core during the planets formation. Its only accessible today because of asteroid bombardment.Theoretically, its possible to form gold by the nuclear processes of fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. Its easiest for scientists to transmute gold by bombarding the heavier element mercury and producing gold via decay.Gold cannot be produced via chemistry or alchemy. Chemical reactions cannot change the number of protons within an atom. The proton number or atomic number defines an elements identity. Natural Gold Formation While nuclear fusion within the Sun makes many elements, the Sun cannot synthesize gold. The considerable energy required to make gold only occurs when stars explode in a supernova or when neutron stars collide. Under these extreme conditions, heavy elements form via the rapid neutron-capture process or r-process. A supernova has enough energy and neutrons to synthesize gold. gremlin / Getty Images Where Does Gold Occur? All of the gold found on Earth came from the debris of dead stars. As the Earth formed, heavy elements such as iron and gold sank toward the planets core. If no other event had occurred, there would be no gold in the Earths crust. But, around 4 billion years ago, Earth was bombarded by asteroid impacts. These impacts stirred the deeper layers of the planet and forced some gold into the mantle and crust. Some gold may be found in rock ores. It make occur as flakes, as the pure native element, and with silver in the natural alloy electrum. Erosion frees the gold from other minerals. Since gold is heavy, it sinks and accumulates in stream beds, alluvial deposits, and the ocean. Earthquakes play an important role, as a shifting fault rapidly decompresses mineral-rich water. When the water vaporizes, veins of quartz and gold deposit onto rock surfaces. A similar process occurs within volcanoes. How Much Gold Is in the World? The amount of gold extracted from the Earth is a tiny fraction of its total mass. In 2016, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimated 5,726,000,000 troy ounces or 196,320 U.S. tons had been produced since the dawn of civilization. About 85% of this gold remains in circulation. Because gold is so dense (19.32 grams per cubic centimeter), it does not take up much space for its mass. In fact, if you melted all the gold mined to date, youd wind up with a cube about 60 feet across! Nevertheless, gold accounts for a few parts per billion of the mass of the Earths crust. While its not economically feasible to extract much gold, there are about 1 million tons of gold in the top kilometer of the Earths surface. The abundance of gold in the mantle and core is unknown, but it greatly exceeds the amount in the crust. Synthesizing the Element Gold Attempts by alchemists to turn lead (or other elements) into gold were unsuccessful because no chemical reaction can change one element into another. Chemical reactions involve a transfer of electrons between elements, which may produce different ions of an element, but the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is what defines its element. All atoms of gold contain 79 protons, so the atomic number of gold is 79. Its possible to transmute mercury into gold by making it unstable so it decays. JacobH / Getty Images Making gold isnt as simple as directly adding or subtracting protons from other elements. The most common method of changing one element into another (transmutation) is to add neutrons to another element. Neutrons change the isotope of an element, potentially making the atoms unstable enough to break apart via radioactive decay. Japanese physicist Hantaro Nagaoka first synthesized gold by bombarding mercury with neutrons in 1924. While transmuting mercury into gold is easiest, gold can be made from other elements—even lead! Soviet scientists accidentally turned the lead shielding of a nuclear reactor into gold in 1972 and Glenn Seabord transmuted a trace of gold from lead in 1980. Thermonuclear weapon explosions produce neutron captures similar to the r-process in stars. While such events are not a practical way to synthesize gold, nuclear testing did lead to the discovery of the heavy elements einsteinium (atomic number 99) and fermium (atomic number 100). Sources McHugh, J. B. (1988). Concentration of gold in natural waters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 30 (1–3): 85–94. doi:10.1016/0375-6742(88)90051-9Miethe, A. (1924). Der Zerfall des Quecksilberatoms. Die Naturwissenschaften. 12 (29): 597–598. doi:10.1007/BF01505547Seeger, Philip A.; Fowler, William A.; Clayton, Donald D. (1965). Nucleosynthesis of Heavy Elements by Neutron Capture. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 11: 121. doi:10.1086/190111Sherr, R.; Bainbridge, K. T. Anderson, H. H. (1941). Transmutation of Mercury by Fast Neutrons. Physical Review. 60 (7): 473–479. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.60.473Willbold, Matthias; Elliott, Tim; Moorbath, Stephen (2011). The tungsten isotopic composition of the Earths mantle before the terminal bombardment. Nature. 477 (7363): 195–8. doi:10.1038/nature10399

Best Online Trading Account- Width and Cost Analysis Free Essays

| | |[pic] | | |BEST ONLINE TRADING ACCOUNT | | | |WIDTH AND COST ANALYSIS | | WEALTH AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT : (MGT-216) Submitted to: Dr. Shweta Anand By: HukumSingh Devendar Gautam Naveen Kumar Vijay Singh Vikash Chaudhary Yashpal SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY GREATER NOIDA CONTENTS TOPIC 1. Executive Summary 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Online Trading Account- Width and Cost Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Background of Stock Exchange in India 3. Theory of Share Market 4. Major Players 5. Methodology of Study 6. Objectives of Study 7. Comparative Study of Online trading portals 8. Conclusion 9. Reference EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project as a whole can be divided into two parts. ? First part gives an insight about online trading and Dematerialization account. What is share trading and how buying and selling takes place. For trading, it is mandatory for us to have a demat or dematerialization account. How to open a demat account and what all documents are required was part of our study. Various terms used in share market such as bears and bulls, intraday, delivery, settlement, index, etc. ? The second part of project represents the major players of India and a small comparative analysis has been done on their basis of services given by these different online trading portals with their brokerage rates, annual maintenance charges, account opening charges and customer base. INTRODUCTION Background of Stock Exchange of India The emergence of stock market can be traced back to 1830. In Bombay, business passed in the shares of banks like the commercial bank, the chartered mercantile bank, the chartered bank, the oriental bank and the old bank of Bombay and shares of cotton presses. In Calcutta, Englishman reported the quotations of 4%, 5%, and 6% loans of East India Company as well as the shares of the bank of Bengal in 1836. This list was a further broadened in 1839 when the Calcutta newspaper printed the quotations of banks like union bank and Agra bank. It also quoted the prices of business ventures like the Bengal bonded warehouse, the Docking Company and the storm tug company. Between 1840 and 1850, only half a dozen brokers existed for the limited business. But during the share mania of 1860-65, the number of brokers increased considerably. By 1860, the number of brokers was about 60 and during the exciting period of the American Civil war, their number increased to about 200 to 250. The end of American Civil war brought disillusionment and many failures and the brokers decreased in number and prosperity. It was in those troublesome times between 1868 and 1875 that brokers organized an informal association and finally as recited in the Indenture constituting the â€Å"Articles of Association of the Exchange†. On or about 9th day of July,1875, a few native brokers doing brokerage business in shares and stocks resolved upon forming in Bombay an association for protecting the character, status and interest of native share and stock brokers and providing a hall or building for the use of the members of such association. As a meeting held in the broker’ Hall on the 5th day of February, 1887, it was resolved to execute a formal deal of association and to constitute the first managing committee and to appoint the first trustees. Accordingly, the Articles of Association of the Exchange and the Stock Exchange was formally established in Bombay on 3rd day of December, 1887. The Association is now known as â€Å"The Stock Exchange†. The entrance fee for new member was Re. 1 and there were 318 members on the list, when the exchange was constituted. The numbers of members increased to 333 in 1896, 362 in 1916and 478 in 1920 and the entrance fee was raised to Rs. 5 in 1877, Rs. 1000 in 1896, Rs. 2500 in 1916 and Rs. 48,000 in 1920. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges with about 6000 stock brokers. Organization structure of stock exchange varies. 14 stock exchanges are organized as public limited companies, 6 as companies limited by guarantee and 3 are non-profit voluntary organization. Of the total of 23, only 9 stock exchanges have been permanent recognition. Others have to seek recognition on annual basis. These exchange do not work of its own, rather, these are run by some persons and with the help of some persons and institution. All these are down as functionaries on stock exchange. These are 1. Stockbrokers 2. sub-broker 3. market makers 4. Portfolio consultants etc 1. ) Stockbrokers Stock brokers are the members of stock exchanges. These are the persons who buy, sell or deal in securities. A certificate of registration from SEBI is mandatory to act as a broker. SEBI can impose certain conditions while granting the certificate of registrations. It is obligatory for the person to abide by the rules, regulations and the buy-law. Stock brokers are commission broker, floor broker, arbitrageur etc. Detail of registered brokers |Total no. of registered brokers as on 31. 03. 2008 |Total no. of sub-brokers as on 31. 03. 008 | |9000 |24,000 | 2. ) Sub-broker A sub-broker acts as agent of stock broker. He is not a member of a stock exchange. He assists the investors in buying, selling or dealing in securities through stockbroker. The broker and sub-broker should enter into an agreement in which obligations of both should be specified. Sub-broker must be registered SEBI for a dealing in securities. For getting registered with SEBI , he must fulfill certain rules and regulation. 3. ) Market Makers Market maker is a designated specialist in the specified securities. They make both bid and offer at the same time. A market maker has to abide by bye-laws, rules regulations of the concerned stock exchange. He is exempt from the margin requirements. As per the listing requirements, a company where the paid-up capital is Rs. 3 crore but not more than Rs. 5 crore and having a commercial operation for less than 2 years should appoint a market maker at the time of issue of securities. 4. ) Portfolio consultants A combination of securities such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments is collectively called as portfolio. Whereas the portfolio consultants are the persons, firms or companies who advise, direct or undertake the management or administration of securities or funds on behalf of their clients. THEORY OF SHARE MARKET Stock Exchange: A common platform where buyers and sellers come together to transact in shares and stocks. Electronic Trading: Eliminates the need for physical trading floors. Brokers can trade from their offices using fully automated screen based processes. Their workstations are connected to a stock exchange’s central computer via satellite using Very Small Aperture Terminus (VSATs). The orders placed by the brokers reach the exchange’s central computer and are matched electronically. Stock Exchanges in India: The stock exchange Mumbai (BSE) and National Stock Exchange (NSE) are the country’s two leading stock exchanges. There are 20 other regional stock exchanges connected via Interconnected Stock exchange (ICSE). Index: An Index is a comprehensive measure of market trends intended for investors who are concerned with general stock market price movements. An index comprises stocks that have large liquidity and market capitalization. At NSE, the capitalization of NIFTY (fifty selected stocks) is takes as a base capitalization, with the value set at 1000. Similarly BSE sensitivity index consists of 30 stocks. The index value compares the day’s market capitalization vis-a-vis base capitalization and indicates how prices in general have move over a period of time. Stock: In financial market, stock refers to the supply of money that a company has raised. This supply comes from the people who have given the company money in hope that the company will make their money grow. Bears and Bulls: Bears are cautious animals who don’t like to move too fast. Bulls are bold who might charge right ahead. An investor is said to be bearish if he or she believes that the stock market will go down. A bearish investor will buy the stock cautiously. A â€Å"Bullish† investor believes that the market will go up. He or she will charge ahead and put more money into the market. An investor can be bearish or bullish about a particular kind of stock. Likewise the term â€Å"Bear Market† describes the time the stock prices have been falling on the whole. A â€Å"Bull Market† is a period when stock prices are generally rising. Dematerialization: What is a Demat? Demat is commonly used abbreviation of Dematerialsation, which is a process whereby securities like shares and debentures are converted from material (paper documents) into electronic data and stored into computers of an Electronic Depository. Requirements to Open a Demat Account: 1) PAN Card 2) Cancelled Cheque 3) Address Proof 4) Photo ID Proof trading: It is defined as a function when an investor buys or sells in the market. BUYING: 1. An investor gets order executed and makes payment to the broker. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to expect credit on settlement day. Broker instructs his DP to debit his Clearing Member account on settlement day. 3. Before settlement day Broker makes payment to clearinghouse through Clearing Bank. 4. On settlement day clearing house releases shares to broker’s Clearing Member account which is then transferred to investors account through NSDL (National Securities Depository Limited). Investor gets credit in his account. Selling: 1. An investor gets order executed. 2. Investor instructs his Depository Participant to debit his account with immediate effect. The shares move from investors account to Brokers Clearing Member account via NSDL. A Broker clearing member accounts is credited. 3. Before settlement day broker transfers shares from his clearing member account to Clearinghouse via NSDL. His account is debited. 4. On settlement day Broker receives payment from clearing house which he passes on to the investor. Intraday Based Trading: Day trading refers to the practice of buying and selling financial instruments within the same trading day such that all positions will usually (not necessarily always) be closed before the market close of the trading day. This is the opposite of After-hours trading. Traders that participate in day trading are called day traders. Delivery Based Trading: Delivery based trading involves buying shares on a market day, holding them and selling them only after receiving the delivery of those shares in demat account. ONLINE SHARE TRADING: Online Trading involves investment activity which takes place over the internet and it does not require physical inclusion of broker. An investor has to register with an online trading portal like Sharekhan. com, India Infoline. om and many companies like that and investor gets into an agreement with the firm to trade in different securities according to terms and conditions in the agreement. As the servers of the online portal are connected all the time to the stock exchange and designated banks the order processing is done in real time and the investors can also have updates on trading. They can also check the status of their order either through e-mails or through interf ace that it cannot be accessed by the third party. Some options are usually given to the users such as to link their bank account, Demat accounts and Brokerage account into a single interface. A single window is there for all exchanges and a single screen is there for the complete order routing mechanism. There are two broad models in play in the online brokerage space- 1) Bank-backed firms 2) Entrepreneur- floated firms Bank-backed firms: Bank-backed firms such as ICICIdirect. com and HDFC Securities have expanded on the basis of their brand name and trust of investors in them. The integrated 3-in-1 account offered by these companies help their parent bank by giving it accounts along with float income. Entrepreneurship-floated firms: Companies like India Infoline, Sharekhan, IndiaBulls, Religare and Karvy have expanded by offering the customers a mix of online and offline accounts, higher margin finance amount and lower brokerage rates. Advantages of Online Trading: 1) Provides with the freedom of information Through internet an investor can – ? Know the price of any stock he desires at any point of time on the internet. ? An investor can review the price history of any stock in the chart format online. ? The investor can follow in depth the events happening in the market. ? Consult with other online investors in any part of the world. Conduct extensive financial research of any company he desires. 2) Ensures the best price for the investors. 3) Provides instant trade execution 4) Provides level playing field. 5) Keeps information secure. 6) Instant order trade confirmation. 7) Consult on line help desk for queries. Disadvantages of Online Trading: 1) Brokerage is high as compared to off line 2) Privacy ca n be less due to hacking scandals. 3) Transactional errors due to technical problems. MAJOR PLAYERS OF INDIA The following are the major players: ? A. G. Shares Securities ? India Bulls ? India Infoline ? Karvy Share khan ? ICICIDirect ? Motilal oswal Secureties ? Religare ? HDFC Securities ? Reliance Money A. G. SHARES SECURITIES: A. G. Shares Securities Ltd. (AGSSL)-(Sister Concern of India Casting Company) – a saga of success. Form a modest beginning in 1995 the Company has grown by leaps and bounds under the stewardship of Mr. Ajay Kumar Agarwal (Managing Director). AGSSL is an one stop shop providing gamut of financial services which include on line trading in NSE Depository Services and Dematerialization of eligible securities, disbursement of corporate action benefits viz. non –cash benefits to the beneficial owner, settlement of securities traded on exchanges, pledging and hypothecation of eligible securities, stock lending and borrowings. Their sister conc ern namely â€Å" Seema Securities Pvt Ltd. â€Å" a member of BSE is providing various exclusive financial services related to BSE like on-line trading sale and purchase of Debenture, Shares, Warrants, sale and purchase of Shares. The other sister concern GKSSL having membership of NCDEX is also giving extra opportunity of clients to trade in most valuable exchanges. Products Services: ? Broking with NSE in Cash Market Broking with BSE in Cash Market ? Dealing in Derivative trading in NSE BSE ? NSDL Service ? CDSL Service ? Cash on sale ? Update services ? NCDEX Service ? MCX service INDIABULLS SECURITIES LIMITED Indiabulls Securities Limited was incorporated as GPF Securities Private Limited on June 9, 1995. The name of the company was changed to Orbis Securities Private Limited on December 15, 1995 to change the profile of the company and subsequently due to the conversion of the company into a public limited company; the name was further changed to Orbis Securities Limited o n January 5, 2004. The name of the company was again changed to Indiabulls Securities Limited on February 16, 2004 so as to capitalize on the brand image of the term â€Å"Indiabulls† in the company name. ISL is a corporate member of capital market derivative segment of The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. At present, ISL accounts for approximately 3% of the total daily turnover of the Exchange with 32,359 client relationships and 70 branches spread across the country as of April 30, 2004. Products Offered by Indiabulls: ? Equity Debt Stock Broking ? Insurance ? Commodity trading ? Depository Services ? Derivatives Broking Services Equity Research Services ? Mutual Fund Distribution ? IPO Distribution Type of Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account Indiabulls Equity Trading Account is standard Online trading account from India bulls and along with online trading it also provides priority telephone access that gives you direct access to your Relationship Manager and full access to Ã¢â‚¬Ë œIndiabulls Equity Analysis’. Application Trading Terminal(Need Installation) Power Indiabulls Power Indiabulls trading terminal is the most advanced new generation trading platform with great speed. This trading terminal is built in JAVA. Power Indiabulls is extremely reach in features including Live Streaming Quotes, Fast Order Entry and execution, Tic by Tic Live Charts, Technical Analysis, Live News and Alerts, Extensive Reports for Real-time Accounting. Brokerage and fees : 1. Account opening fees : Rs 1200/- (One time non-refundable) as below: 250/- Equity Trading Account opening charge 200/- Demat Account opening charge 750/- Software changes Advantages of Indiabulls Equity Trading Account 1. Brokerage is less compare to other online trading companies. 2. Provide trading terminal ‘powerbulls’, a java based software. It’s very fast in terms of speed and execution INDIAINFOLINE SECURITY PRIVATE LTD India Infoline. com Securities Pvt. Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infoline. com Ltd and is the stock broking arm of India Infoline. com. The subsidiary was formed to comply with regulatory guidelines. www. 5paisa. com is a focused website for online stock market trading. 5paisa. com is a trade name owned by the India Infoline. com group. IILSPL has applied for trading membership of the BSE under Securities and Exchange Board of India (Stock Brokers and Sub-Brokers) Rules 1992. IILSPL is in the business of providing broking services online via the Internet (â€Å"E-broking Services†) and has been permitted by the NSE by way of registration permission no: NSEIL/CMO/INET/1103/2000 dated 03/July/2000, and will be applying for permission to the BSE, to provide E-broking Services to its clients. IILSPL is a TRADING MEMBER of the National Stock Exchange of India. Products Offered by IILSPL: ? Stock market: IILSPL deals in stock market by trading in equity and derivatives. ? Personal finance: It Deals In Mutual Fund and Insurance. ? Online Trading: It provides services in stock and commodity trading (through Internet). Trade In: BSE and NSE Trading Terminals: 5Paisa offers 2 different online trading terminals to its customers: Investor Terminal (IT) Investor Terminal is 5Paisa’s equity trading terminal for low volume trader. This is web based terminal and could access from anywhere. This product provides limited features in comparison of Trader Terminal, which is another product provided by 5Paisa. Trader Terminal (TT) Trader Terminal is design for high volume equity traders or day traders. Trader Terminal provides high volume trading with powerful interface and fast order execution. Few popular features of trader terminal are: Fast trade execution with instant trade confirmation. o Live streaming quotes and price watch on any number of stocks. o Intra day charts, updated live, tick-by-tick. o Live margin, position, marked to market profit loss report. o Set any number of price alerts on any number of scrips. o Flexibility to customize screen layout and setting. o Facility to customize any number of portfolios watch lists. o Facility to cancel all pending orders at one click. o Facility to square off all transactions at one click. o Top Gainers, Top Losers, Most Active, updated live. o Index information; index chart, index stock information live. Market depth, i. e. Best 5 bids and offers, updated live for all stocks. o Online access to both accounts and DP to check live updated Order and Trade Book. o Facility to place after market orders. o Online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. o Online intra-day technical calls. o Historical charts and technical analysis tools. o India Infoline’s world – acclaimed news service and research. o and many more. Brokerage and Account opening fees: 1. Account opening fees: Rs 500/- one time non refundable. 2. 5 paisa offer competitive rates. They charge only 5 paisa for Rs 100 of trade done, which is 0. 05%. brokerage. In case of trade that result in delivery, they charge an additional 0. 20% for back office and securities handling. Advantages of 5paisa 1. Very fast execution speed. 2. Rates are very competitive then other providers. 3. Easy online fund transfer facility from leading Banks including ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 4. Free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products. Disadvantages of 5paisa 1. No intra-day tick by tick charts in Investor Terminal (IT). 2. Investing in IPO and Mutual Funds is not so easy like in ICICIDirect. . Learning 5paisa Trading Terminal is little hard. IPO / Mutual Funds investment through 5Paisa (IndiaInfoLine) 1. 5Paisa provides free facility of subscribing to mutual funds, equity IPOs and other investment products using internet banking account of ICICI, HDFC, CITI and UTI banks. 2. Registered users with 5Paisa can logon to following website to apply in an IPO: http://www. indiainfoline. com/ipo 3. While applying for IPO shares online through 5Paisa, Investor are taken to there corresponding banks homepage. Investors can use there net banking user id password transfer funds directly using any of these banks. . 5Paisa members can use the similar steps to invest in Mutual Funds online. KARVY GROUP Karvy is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in the country in all its business segments, services over 16 million individual investors in various capacities, and provides investor services to over 300 corporate in India. Karvy has a professional management team and ranks among the best in technology, operations and research of various industrial segments. History of Karvy: The birth of Karvy was on a modest scale in 1981. It began with the vision and enterprise of a small group of practicing Chartered Accountants who founded the flagship company, Karvy Consultants Limited. They started with consulting and financial accounting automation and carved inroads into the field of registry and share accounting by 1985. Since then, karvy utilized its experience and superlative expertise to go from strength to strength, to better their services, to innovate, diversify and in the process, evolved as one of India’s premier integrated financial service enterprise. Product Services Offered by Karvy Group: 1. Financial Products Distribution (Investments/Loans). . Karvy consultant ltd. 3. Karvy merchant banking. 4. Insurance(life/general) 5. Stock Broking 6. Commodities Broking 7. Mutual Funds Services SHAREKHAN: Sharekhan is one of the leading retail brokerage of Citi Venture which is running successfully since 1922 in the country. Earlier it was the retail broking arm of the Mumbai-based SSKI Group, which h as over eight decades of experience in the stock broking business. Sharekhan offers its customers a wide range of equity related services including trade execution on BSE, NSE, Derivatives, depository services, online trading, investment advice etc. Sharekhan is one of India’s leading financial services companies. They provide a complete life-cycle of investment solution in Equities, Derivatives, Commodities, IPO, Mutual Funds, Depository Services, Portfolio Management Services and Insurance. They also offer personalized wealth management services for High Net worth individuals. With a physical presence in over 300 cities of India through more than 800 â€Å"Share Shops†, and an online presence through Sharekhan. com, India’s premier online destination, they reach out to more than 800,000 trading customers. Products Offered by Sharekhan: ? Equity Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Commodities Trading Platform (Online/Offline). ? Portfolio Management Service. ? Mutual Fund Advisory and Distribution. ? Insurance Distribution Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account Classic Account Trading Terminal ShareKhan Classic account Allow investor to buy and sell stocks online along with the following features like multiple watch lists, Integrated Banking, demat and digital contracts, Real-time portfolio tracking with price alerts and Instant credit transfer. a. Online trading account for investing in Equities and Derivatives b. Free trading through Phone (Dial-n-Trade) I. Two dedicated numbers for placing your orders with your cellphone or landline. II. Automtic funds tranfer with phone banking (for Citibank and HDFC bank customers) III. Simple and Secure Interactive Voice Response based system for authentication IV. get the trusted, professional advice of our telebrokers V. After hours order placement facility between 8. 00 am and 9. 30 am c. Integration of: Online trading + Bank + Demat account d. Instant cash transfer facility against purchase sale of shares e. IPO investments f. Instant order and trade confirmations by e-mail g. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives ShareKhan SpeedTrade account This accounts for active traders who trade frequently during the day’s trading session. Following are few popular features of SpeedTrade account. h. Single screen interface for cash and derivatives i. Real-time streaming quotes with Instant order Execution Confirmation j. Hot keys similar to a traditional broker terminal k. Alerts and reminders l. Back-up facility to place trades on Direct Phone lines Brokerage: Some stock trading companies charge direct percentage while others charge a fixed amount per Rs 100. Sharekhan charges 0. 5% for inter day shares and 0. 1% for intra day or you could say Sharekhan charges 50 paise per Rs 100. Advantages of Sharekhan: 1. Online trading is very user friendly and one doesn’t need any software to access. 2. They provides good quality of services like daily SMS alerts, mail alerts, stock recommendations etc. 3. Sharekhan has ability to transfer funds from most banks. Unlike ICICI Direct, HDFC Sec, etc. so investor not really needs to open an account with a particular bank as it can establish link with most modern banks. Disadvantages of Sharekhan: 1. They charge minimum brokerage of 10 paisa per stock would not let you trade stocks below 20 rs. (If you trade, you will loose majority of your money in brokerage). 2. Lots of hidden rules and charges. 3. They do not provide facility to b ook limit order trades during after-hours. 4. Classic account holders cannot trade commodities. 5. Cannot purchase mutual funds online ICICI DIRECT: ICICIDirect (or ICICIDirect. com) is stock trading company of ICICI Bank. Along with stock trading and trading in derivatives in BSE and NSE, it also provides facility to invest in IPOs, Mutual Funds and Bonds. Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Trade In: BSE and NSE Type of Account ICICIDirect offers 3 different online trading platforms to its customers: 1. Share Trading Account Share Trading Account by ICICIDirect is primarily for buying and selling of stocks in BSE and NSE. This account allows Cash Trading, Margin Trading, MarginPLUS Trading, Spot Trading, Buy Today Sell Tomorrow and Call and Trade on phone. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary trading platform for this trading account. They also provide installable application terminal based application for high volume trader. 2. Wise Investment Account Along with stock trading and IPO investing in BSE and NSE, Wise Investment account also provide options to invest in Mutual Funds and Bonds online. Online Mutual funds investment allows investor to invest on-line in around 19 Mutual Fund companies. ICICI Direct offers various options while investing in Mutual Funds like Purchase Mutual Fund, Redemption and switch between different schemes, Systematic Investment plans, Systematic withdrawal plan and transferring existing Mutual Funds in to electronic mode. This account also provides facility to invest in Government of India Bonds and ICICI Bank Tax Saving Bonds. ICICIDirect. com website is the primary tool to invest in Mutual Funds, IPOs, Bonds and stock trading. 3. Active Trader Account Active Trader account gives more personalized investment options to the investors. It allows investor to use online and offline stock trading. It also provides with independent market expertise and support through a dedicated Relationship Manager from ICICI. Active Trader also provides commodity trading. Brokerage and fees 1. Account opening fees : Rs 750/- (One time non-refundable) 2. Brokerage : ICICIDirect. com brokerage varies on volume of trade and inclusive of demat transaction charges, service taxes and courier charges for contract notes. It ranges from 0. 1% to 0. 15% for margin trades, 0. 2% to 0. 425% for squared off trades and 0. 4% to 0. 85% on delivery based trades. Advantages of ICICIDirect 1. 3-in-1 account integrates your banking, broking and demat accounts. All accounts are from ICICI and very well integrated. This feature makes ICICI the most interesting player in online trading facility. There is absolutely no manual interfere require. This is truly online trading environment. 2. Unlike most of the online trading companies in India which require transferring money to the broker’s pool or towards deposits, at ICICIDirect you can manage your own demat and bank accounts through ICICIdirect. com. Money from selling stock is available in ICICI bank account as soon as the ICICIDirect receive it. 3. Investment online in IPOs, Mutual Funds, GOI Bonds, and Postal Savings Schemes all from one website. General Insurance is also available from ICICI Lombard. 4. Trading is available in both BSE and NSE. Disadvantages of ICICIDirect 1. Getting access to ICICIDirect. com website during market session can be frustrating. 2. ICICIDirect brokerage is high and not negotiable. 3. Not all stocks are available under Margin Plus. MOTILAL OSWAL SECURITIES: Incorporated in 1987, Motilal Oswal Securities Ltd is a well diversified financial services firm offering a range of financial products and services such as Wealth Management, Broking Distribution, Commodity Broking, Portfolio Management Services, Institutional Equities, Private Equity, Investment Banking Services and Principal Strategies. Company have a diversified client base that includes retail customers (including High Net worth Individuals), mutual funds, foreign institutional investors, financial institutions and corporate clients. They are headquartered in Mumbai and as of September 30th, 2009, had a network spread over 576 cities and towns comprising 1,257 Business Locations operated by them. As at September 30th, 2009, company had 5,80,667 registered customers. Type of Account Most E-Broking MOSt E-Broking is complete online stock trading solution for Indiaian stock market. Following are the features of MOSt E-Broking account: o Easy single screen trader with instant trade confirmation similar to exchange based trading terminals. o Access to various online reports like margin report, Demat A/c details, trades executed, turnover report, net position report with mark to market profit/loss and realized profit. o Online transfer funds through HDFC Bank Awards 1. 2005, Asiamoney Brokers ranked MOSt the best Indian brokerage firm in India. 2. March 2006, AQ Research declared MOSt the best research house for Indian stocks. RELIGARE : Religare Enterprises Limited is Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited promoted financial product and service provider company. Religare provide its service in three different segments including Retail, Wealth management and the Institutional spectrum. Company offers wide range of services including equities, commodities, insurance broking, wealth advisory, portfolio management services, personal finance services, Investment banking and institutional broking services. Religare retail network has more than 900 locations in 300 cities and towns in India. Religare provides the online gateway to their investors so investor can trade online in Equities, Commodities, apply for IPOs, invest in Mutual Funds, and buy Insurance. Religare Securities Limited (RSL) is a subsidiary company of Religare Enterprises Ltd and involve in equity related services include online trading at BSE and NSE, Derivatives, commodities, IPO, Mutual fund, Investment banking and institutional broking services. People who wonder where Religare word came from, it’s a Latin word meaning ‘to bind together’. Type of Account Religare offers its wide range of financial services though a sophisticated and customized trading platform – R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine). Below are 3 flavors of R-ACE accounts available to the investors. 1. R-ACE (Basic) R-ACE (Religare Advanced Client Engine) the basic online trading account provided by Religare. Investor can trade and access their account information online and over the phone as well. This account comes with a browser based online trading platform and no additional software installation needed. 2. R-ACE Lite (Advanced) R-ACE Lite is the advanced trading platform for the investor of Religare. This trading account provides the entire feature of R-ACE (Basic) account. In addition it also provides real-time streaming stock quotes and alerts. This trading platform is also browser based and no software installation is needed. 3. R-ACE Pro (Professional) As the name indicates this account is for high volume traders. Along with the features from above 2 accounts, this account also comes with Trading Terminal software which needs to install on your computer. This terminal directly connects the investor to stock market and having all industry standard Treading terminal features including technical charting (intra-day and EOD), multiple watch list, advanced hot-key functions for faster trading, derivative chains, futures options calculator etc. As in basic and advance account, trading is available online through internet and offline though phone. Brokerage and Account opening fees: Religare offers three kinds of accounts as above. Below are detail about fees and activation charges for each account: 1. R-ACE Account activation charges Rs. 299/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 2. R-ACE Lite Account activation charges Rs. 499/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 5000/- required. 3. R-ACE Pro Account activation charges Rs. 999/-. Minimum margin of Rs. 10,000/- required. 4. Brokerage at Religare On the basis of volume and frequency of trading, Religare provide different options for brokerages. On the broader way they divided into three categories: o Classic Account Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. Derivatives brokerage varies from 0. 3% to 0. 5%. o Classic Plus Fees: Rs 600 Validity Period 6 Months Intraday brokerage varies from 0. 03% to 0. 05%. Delivery brokerage varies from 0. 30% to 0. 50%. o Freedom Account In this payment plan, investor has to pay a fix amount in advance for Monthly (Rs 500), Quarterly (Rs. 1400), Half-yearly (Rs 2500) or Annual Subscription (Rs 4000). This one time payment enable account holder to trade for Rs. 3,00,000 intraday derivative trading and Rs. 40,000 of delivery based trading for zero brokerage. o Trump Account Trump account has four payment options, Trump Plus, Trump Super, Trump Star and Trump Super Star plan. ? Trump Plus has annual subscription fees of Rs 2,500, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 25% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades F Trades is 0. 025%. ? Trump Super has annual subscription fees of Rs. 15,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 15% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades F Trades is 0. 015%. ? Trump Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 50,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10%, Brokerage on Intraday Trades is 0. 01% and Brokerage on Future Trades is 0. 08%. ? Trump Super Star has annual subscription fees of Rs. 1,00,000, Brokerage on Delivery Trades is 0. 10% and Brokerage on Intraday Trades F Trades is 0. 005%. Advantages of Religare 1. Religare gives interest on unutilized cash when investor is waiting to make next trade or online investment. 2. They provide intraday reports and historical charting. 3. Varity of fee structure to fulfill need of different type of investors HDFC SECURITIES: HDFC Securities(HDFCsec) is Equity Trading Company of HDFC Bank. HDFC Securities provide both online trading and trading on phone. The HDFC Securities trading account has a unique 3-in-1 feature that integrates your HDFC Securities trading account with your existing HDFC bank savings account and existing Demat account. Funds / shares are seamlessly moved from the linked Demat/Bank account to execute the transactions. HDFCsec provides Cash-n-Carry on both NSE and BSE, Day trading on both NSE and BSE, Trade on Futures Options on the NSE and Online IPO Investment. Features on HDFC Securities Online trading : 1. Seamless Transactions – By integrating your accounts, we ensure minimal waste of time during movement of your funds and shares. . Speed – Orders are placed electronically, so proceeds are available instantly. 3. No manipulation – To prevent any mismanagement, we will send you an email confirmation, the minute your order is executed. 4. Safety and Security – HDFC Securities offer the highest level of security such as 128-bit encryption technology. 5. Dedicated and Separate contact numbers – for trading over the phone as well as for customer care. RELIANCE MONEY: Reliance Money, A Reliance Capital Limited Company, is the financial services division of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani (ADA) Group. Reliance ADA group is among top 3 business houses in India with wide range of presence across various sectors. Group’s major interests ranges from communications (Reliance Communications) and financial services (Reliance Capital Ltd), to generation, transmission and distribution of power (Reliance Energy), infrastructure and entertainment. Reliance Money has over 22 lakhs customers and more then 10’000 branches in around 5000 cities in India. Company is among the largest broking and distribution house of financial products and having share of more then 3% of total stock market volume at BSE NSE. RelianceMoney. com is the web based investment portal (with Online Stock Trading) from Reliance Money. This website enables its customer to invest manage most of the services provided by Reliance Money including Equity (Stock) Trading, Commodity Trading, Derivatives, Mutual Fund Investment, IPO Investment, Life Insurances, General insurances, Money Transfer, Forex exchange, Gold Coins and Credit Cards Services. Company recently entered in to Wealth Management with tools like investment in equity-linked portfolio management services, structured products, insurance and mutual funds. The Reliance Money stock trading websites uses special security features ‘Security Token’, which makes your online trading experience more secure without complexity. Stock Trading through RelianceMoney. com is available for BSE and NSE stock exchanges. Offline trading is also available through Reliance Money partners in more then 5000 city across India and through phone by dialing 022-39886000. Investment Options The investment options available with Reliance Money online portal are as below: 1. Equity (Stock) Trading at BSE, NSE and NSE FO 2. IPO Investment 3. Derivatives Trading 4. Forex Trading 5. Commodity Trading(Gold, Silver, Crude etc†¦. ) at MCX, NCDEX and NMCE (FAQ’s) 6. Mutual Fund Investment 7. Life General Insurance 8. ‘Pure Swiss’ Gold Coins (99. 99% pure, 24 carat) Trading Platforms Reliance Money provides 3 different trading platforms for equity trading: 1. Insta Trade 2. Fast Trade 3. Easytrade Reliance Money Technical Analysis (A paid service) Relance Money offers a simplified, automated, sophisticated technical analysis to Indian retail broking consumers with the help of Recognia’s Technical Analysis tools. Recognia, a Canada based company, has proprietary pattern recognition technology capable of recognizing patterns in the price charts of any publicly traded financial instrument including stocks, bonds, funds, commodities, currencies and indexes. The technical services are available for introductory free 7-day trail period to Reliance Money users. Post the trail period, this service is available to users at a nominal subscription of Rs. 99 for 3 months/ Rs. 179 for 6 months/ Rs. 299 for a year, i. e. , less than Re 1 a day. Reliance Money Brokerage and fees: Reliance Money offers lowest brokerage rates in today’s online stock trading industry in India. The brokerages are as low as 0. 075% for delivery based trading and 0. 02 for now delivery. For more detail about Reliance Money’s brokerage and fees visit the below section of this webpage. Reliance Money Demat Account Charges: |Fee Head |DP Charges | |Annual Services Charges – For Individuals / HUFs / Trust |Rs. 0/- | |Annual Services Charges – For NRIs / Foreign Nationals, Corporates / Others |Rs. 1000/- | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market Off Market) |Rs. 25/- | |For instructions given in physical form. | | |Transaction Charges – SELL (Market Off Market) |Rs. 12/- | |For instructions received through Internet/ online trading through Reliance Securities Ltd. | Advantages of Reliance Money 1. Extra security features with ‘Security Token†, which is the most secure and tested technology in computer world. 2. Simple, easy and fast online stock trading. 3. Almost all investment options are available under one account including Equity Trading, Derivatives, Forex, Commodity, IPO, Mutual Funds and Insurance. 4. Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing. METHODOLOGY OF STUDY Research can be defined as a systemized effort to gain new knowledge. A research is carried out by different methodologies which have their own pros and cons. Research methodology is a way to solve research in study and solving research problems along with logic behind them are defined through research methodology. Thus while talking about research methodologies we are not only talking of research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods. We are in context of our research studies and explain why it is being used a particular method or technique and why the others are not used. So that research result is capable of being evaluated either by researcher himself or by others. Research Methodology: Research has its special significance in solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry. Research methodology is a way to systematically analyze the research problem. Sampling Methods: A sample is the representative of the population which will predict the behavior of the whole universe While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep two types of data. . Primary Data. 2. Secondary Data. We use in our research secondary data. Primary means collected a fresh, and the first time data and secondary means which are already available like annual report, magazines etc. Limitations: Every work has its own limitations. Limitations are extent to which the process should not exceed. The following limitations for the project are: ? Data taken was secondary ? A time constraint has also become a maj or limitation ? Complete data was not available due to company privacy and secrecy Objectives of Study: Understand basics of Online Stock Market Trading in India. ? Provide detail about popular online stock trading companies in India. ? Compare and discuss about stock trading websites, their products and services ? To study the awareness of people towards online trading demat account. ? To study customer satisfaction towards operating expenses of online trading. ? To study the client’s satisfaction towards network security security of their money. CONCLUSION ? The brokerage rates of A. G. Shares and Securities are maximum, i. . 9 paisa intraday and 90 paisa delivery while brokerage rates of Reliance Money are minimum, i. e. 2 paisa intraday and 7. 5 paisa delivery rate. ? The account opening charges for Indiabulls is maximum while it is nil at India Infoline, Sharekhan and HDFC Securities. ? The AMC at India bulls and Sharekhan are Nil while maximum in Religare Rs 1200 p. a On the basis of our analysis Reliance Money is the best online trading account because it charges minimum brokerage rates and less annual maintenance charges ? Branches are available in all major cities and the number is growing ? It is very difficult to find out the best online trading account but in a web survey ICICIDirect was founded the best online trading account. ? Second no. was given to India infoline REFERENCE 1) http://www. chittorgarh. com/newportal/online-stock-brokers-list. asp 2) www. indiainfoline. com 3) www. 5paisa. com 4) www. sharekhan. com 5) www. indiabulls. com 6) www. agssl. com 7) www. karvy. com 8) www. wikipedia. com [pic] How to cite Best Online Trading Account- Width and Cost Analysis, Papers

Essay about Cyber Bullying and Internalizing Difficulties Essay Example For Students

Essay about Cyber Bullying and Internalizing Difficulties Essay In recent decades, there have been numerous technological advances. Due to the availability of such advances, the use of this technology, particularly the use of Internet, is overwhelmingly present in our society for people of all ages. For instance, 93% of teenagers, ages 12 through 17 use the Internet, matching the 93% of young adults. Whereas, 74% of adults, ages 18 and older, use the Internet (Lenhart et al, 2010). Studies found that adult users over the age of 18 consider the Internet as a means of completing tasks such as shopping and paying bills, in comparison to those under the age of 18 who considers it a tool for social connections (Bhat, 2008). About 73% of teenagers and young adults as well as 47% of adults use social networks, the most commonly used being Facebook (Lenhart et al., 2010). The use of the Internet is not only limited to that of computers considering cell phones now offer mobile Internet. A large number of the population have cellphones, with 58% of 12 years old, 75% of teenagers, and 93% of adults owning cell phones (Lenhart et al, 2010). With advances in technology and its increased use, we have become perpetually in contact with one another, opening ourselves up to a new form of bullying: cyber bullying. As a recently recognized form of bullying, cyber bullying also referred to as electronic or Internet bullying, is defined as â€Å"the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group that is intended to harm others† (Belsey, n. d., p. 8; Bonanno Hymel, 2013). Cyber bullying is characterized by intimidation, harassment, victimization, and aggression toward others that occurs through email, chat rooms, instant messages, webs. .Journal of Education, 40(3). Strom, P.S., Strom, R.D. (2005). When teens turn cyberbullies. The Education Digest, 71 (4), 35–41.Terzi-Unsal, S., Kapci, E. G. (2005). Risk factors for suicidal behavior: Psychosocial risk models with Turkish adolescents. Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal, 33, 593–607.Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., Nansel, T. R. (2009). School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 368–375.Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and pre- dictors of Internet bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6 Suppl 1), S14–S21.Ybarra, M.L. , Diener-West, M., Leaf, P.J. (2007). Examining the overlap in internet harassment and school bullying: Implications for school intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6, Suppl. ), S42–S50.

The American Jeremaid Essay Example

The American Jeremaid Essay The American jeremiad is what shaped the identity of America and its values that are part of the American life. The American jeremiad adds a dimension of hope and fear. It adds tension to generate motivation for progress. It seeks to unify people by creating tension between ideal social life and its real manifestation. Bercovitch explains the Americans believe they have a mission and they are meant to be the best. He argues that America is not flawless and America has never succeeded because they continue to ask themselves When is our errand to be fulfilled?† This new land was sacred for the Puritans and this new land gave them an opportunity to define themselves and define what America should be. This new land became a secular and sacred place. The Jeremiad is what reminded America of their mission to be a â€Å"City upon a Hill.† It aimed to direct people back to God so they can fulfill their destiny. The European and American Puritan jeremiads are different. Bercovitch sums up the characteristics of the American jeremiad, â€Å"first, a precedent from Scripture that sets out the communal norms; then, a series of condemnations that detail the actual state of the community and finally a prophetic vision that unveils the promises and announces the good things to come.† It starts out by explaining how it should be, then it states the actual complaint, and finally it has a vision that the people need to work towards. It is about realizing the wrong and moving away from the negative and fixing the problems. Bercovitch relates social and religious issues to economics and politics by stating, â€Å"I am suggesting that the process of Americanization began not with the decline of Puritanism but with the Great Migration, and that the jeremiad, accordingly, played a significant role in the development of what was to become modern middle-class American culture. I hope that in sugges ting this I do not seem to be over-straining the worn links bet We will write a custom essay sample on The American Jeremaid specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The American Jeremaid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The American Jeremaid specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

To What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s Essays

To What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s Essays To What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s Essay To What Extent Was Grass Roots Activism a Significant Reason to Why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s Essay To what extent was grass roots activism a significant reason to why the Civil Rights Movement Grew in the 1950s and 1960s The civil rights movement grew for a number of reasons during the 1950’s and 1960s. Prior to this select time period America were fighting in the Cold War and many black soldiers battled in the name of ‘freedom’. This was ironic as these black soldiers were fighting for something that they didn’t even have back home. Often Black soldiers talked about the ‘Double V Campaign’; this was referring to victory in the war and victory for civil rights back home in the USA. Many historians believe that world war two planted seeds in the growth of the civil rights movement as it raised the question to black people, in the words of Mohamed Ali; â€Å"Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go ten thousand miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human rights? † A Philip Randolph played a key role in the early civil rights movement as he called for an executive order to stop job discrimination in the defence industry. President FDR eventually issued executive order 8802 stating an end to discrimaination the employment of workers in the defence industries and in government. This proved effective in the growth of civil rights movement as it was one of the first pieces of success blacks achieved and this increase momentum, hope and motivation for blacks in their bid for civil rights. Other factors that influenced effected the growth of the civil rights movement included the increase in media awareness which helped mobilise support from all quarters of the USA. The support they gained due to different methods of black leaders, the shift in president’s attitudes and the Supreme Court, and the momentum gained through small victories which inspired the likes of Rosa Parks. Grass roots activism managed to gain momentum and maintain belief amongst black Americans which proved vital in the growth of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The fact that prejudice and discrimination still existed meant that the fight had to continue and relative success resulted in continued motivation. A good example of this is the Montgomery bus boycott, when the Montgomery bus company finally decided to desegregate a year boycott began, Martin Luther King and black protesters didn’t settle at that, they tried to desegregate the rest of the still segregated bus companies in Alabama. In one sense a legal victory was gained here in the desegregation of the bus company however in another sense a moral victory was gained as it showed the economic power black Americans had if they united together. In addition, because Blacks wanted to continue to desegregate bus companies in other cities this shows Black Americans were trying to grow the CRM rather than just being contempt after one city was desegregated. Thus proving the CRM was growing due to grass roots activism and small successes maintaining belief amongst blacks. The growth of the CRM was also due to the variety of opinions, tactics and views of different black leaders and organisations. A wide range of beliefs were covered so most black Americans had a leader that suited their own beliefs. For example MLK and the SCLC supported non- violent protests, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, The Freedom Rides and The Sit-Ins. These methods appealed to many blacks and whites too who supported non-violent methods and the whole concept of MLK ideology. However blacks who did not support peaceful protests could support the Black Panther party instead lead by Heuy Newton and Bobby Searle. This organisation supported much more aggressive actions and believed in self-defence and retaliations against white mobs and policemen. Huey Newton’s main aim was: An immediate end to police brutality and the murder of black people. The Black panthers appealed to the new generation of blacks and those who had generally a more aggressive view on the situation. The fact that different parties existed meant that the CRM had more supporters as it has supporters from both violent and non-violent sides; this in the big picture benefited the cause for CRM and helped it grow. The change in president’s actions and beliefs also helped the growth of the CRM. Presidents such as Truman and Eisenhower began to take action overruling states inactions to ignore the federal government, thus effectively aiding blacks bid for civil rights. A good example showing how president’s attitudes were changing is the little rock nine cases in Arkansas, 1957. When nine black students were disallowed entry into the city high school by governor of Arkansas orders to send state soldiers to stand outside the premises to avoid entry, President Eisenhower felt he had to intervene. He ordered 1000 US soldiers to protect the black children on their way to school from the mob of angry white parents opposing desegregation in schools. Eisenhower’s actions showed that he was prepared to make drastic action in order for integration amongst blacks and white children in schools. He used his authority to over- rule state laws and this showed that he was for the idea of blacks receiving equal education as whites, therefore adding to the growth of the CRM. Another contributing factor helping the CRM to grow was due to the changes in the Supreme Court that led to opportunities to challenge and change the key features of segregation. In 1896 the Supreme Court issued the ruling ‘separate but equal’ thus legally legitimising racism. However this rule was over turned in 1954 at the Brown vs. Topeka Board Of Education case, meaning that their attitudes had changed and that schools should become desegregated. The reversal of the 1896 ruling, ‘separate but equal’ in this case demonstrated the shift in opinion in the highest court and giving blacks a sense of hope and built momentum as it was their first victory for Civil Rights. One of the most important reasons, if not the most important reason for the growth of the civil rights movement in the 1950’s and 1960’s was the use of the media to raise awareness across the country for the ways blacks were being severely treated. Televisions, newspapers, newspaper photographers all became vital weapons in the Civil Rights Movement. After the brutal murder of Emmett Till in 1955 his mother decided to lay Emmett in an open coffin to allow the public and newspaper photographers to see the severity and brutality of the attacks carried out on Emmett. Over four days thousands of people saw Emmett’s body and thousands more were shocked by the images appearing in magazines and newspapers worldwide. Emmett’s case had a great effect on the civil rights movement; the north became aware of the horror of discrimination and persecution existing in the south through the use of the media. This case drew massive attention to the cause, encouraging support from both black and white American’s. Therefore the media played a key role in the growth of the Civil Rights Movement as it raised awareness of the problems blacks faced in the 1950’s and 1960’s. In conclusion the growth of the CRM was due to many different contributing factors, however I believe the media played the, most significant role. This was due to the great awareness it caused for blacks as it helped northern Americans and international countries realise the brutality of treatment of blacks in the south. The media also managed to pressurise the government and presidents into making decisions as it brought worldwide attention to causes such as the little rock nine and the freedom rides that embarrassed them into action for the sake of ruining the prestige and reputation of themselves and of the country. The changing attitudes of the president and the supreme court also played a part in the growth of the movement as they gave blacks significant progress to work on and build on. Grass Roots activism also contributed as it built small success as a platform which gained belief and momentum in the movement. The variety of leaders also magnified support from all different types of black Americans which also contributed to the growth of the civil rights movement in 1950’s and 1960’s. By Gavin Rittoo

Analyzing Texas Health Care vs New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing Texas Health Care vs New York - Essay Example A comparative look at the two states' programs can help reveal how the states differ in their goal of providing health care while trying to contain health care costs. Health care costs are covered through a variety of different sources such as employer provided insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and individual insurance plans. In Texas, 47 percent of the population is insured through their employer, while the number is 52 percent in New York (Kaiser Family Foundation 1). In addition, New York has 19 percent of its population insured through Medicaid compared to only 12 percent in Texas (Kaiser Family Foundation 1). Medicaid is jointly funded through the states and matching federal funds, which is dependent upon the income level of the state. The matching rate varies between 50 percent and 72.29 percent, with the poorer states getting the larger amount (Flowers 3). While New York receives equal matching funding, Texas gets $1.50 for every $1.00 they contribute (Kaiser Family Foundation 2). Because the eligibility is income dependent and is based on a rate set by the states, the differences in total spending can be significant. Texas's total Medicaid s pending for 2006 was $18.1 billion, while New York spent $44.7 billion on the program (Kaiser Family Foundation 2). ... For example, the annual income eligibility level for working parents is $4824 in Texas, but is $25,755 in New York (Kaiser Family Foundation 2). This results is a significantly higher number of enrollees in New York than in Texas. In addition, Texas, "has forfeited more than $900 million in federal money under the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) during the past six years because it wouldn't put up 28 cents for each 72 cents in federal aid" (Wolf). When these statistics are coupled with the lower rate of employer provided insurance in Texas, the result is that 25 percent of Texans have no health insurance as compared with 14 percent of the citizens of New York (Kaiser Family Foundation 1). This difference is largely the result of the total dollars spent between the two states on Medicaid. The Medicaid program was initially designed as a means to provide health care for parents and children that had low incomes and few material resources. While Medicare was designed to primarily cover the health care needs of the elderly and disabled, Medicaid is a means tested program where the eligibility is set by number of children and the family income. However, Texas Medicaid has expanded in recent years to include the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Texas STAR Managed Care, and the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) (Texas Medicaid Program Information). In fact, "Texas is the only state that takes advantage of Medicaid's 1929(b) program, which provides community attendant services that help lower-income elderly clients live at home instead of moving into a nursing facility. Texas has roughly 47,000 Medicaid clients who benefit from this

Collective memory and Public Discourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Collective memory and Public Discourse - Essay Example The foundation of Christian faith is based on the existence of Jesus Christ, the Son of God who was sent to save the world from sin by dying on the cross and rising from the dead after three days. Christ's resurrection gives assurance of a life after death and through faith with Jesus salvation is assured among his faithful followers. These concepts are supported by a known document called Scriptures, obtained from archeological explorations and other preserved documents, and other non-written accounts they refer to as traditions. Much of the information concerning Jesus, however, can be obtained from the New Testament, which is the second part of the Bible and covers the times after the death and believed resurrection of Jesus Christ. But varying interpretations of these writing and traditions led to new ideas and concepts as society evolved and created variations in the Christian faith the leads to creation of several branches. Today, the Christian faith has several subdivisions each one having created within an understanding and ideals based from Scriptures, from tradition, or both. In general the foundation of every group of Christians are based on strong faith which emanated from a concept or inspiration developed by a charismatic leadership and then later evolved into an organized society congregated by those who accepted the ideals presented. Christian organizations presently recorded include: The Amish, Baptist churches, Church of England, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church of Scotland, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Methodist Church, Pentecostalism, Roman Catholic Church, and Seventh-day Adventists among others. Within these major denominations are a lot of variations that existed and spread throughout the world. The Roman Catholics The largest among the subdivisions of Christianity is the Roman Catholicism (BBC) who claimed to be the first of the Christian religions and from which other groups sprung off. Its history can be traced back to as far as 2000 years back. The church was based in Rome headed by the Pope who was claimed to be the successor of Peter who in turn was the first head of the Christian Church instituted by Jesus Christ himself. The doctrines of the Catholics are unique in the sense that it considers both the scriptures and the church own traditions. Issues of Protestantism Belief in traditions, among others such as the control of the Pope over the church, the increased devotion to Mary, Christmas, Easter, the Rosary, the Idols, and others are common point of divergence of other Christian denominations that believed the "scriptures alone" as the source of inspirations, guidelines, and rules in following God. Among these groups who questioned traditions are the contemporary evangelical churches that emerged in the early 17th century and onwards. Today, a public discourse is raging over the use of corruptible collective memory-based traditions as against a written document alone as the basis of faith and social practices in Christian organizations. Critics to the Catholic practice argued that traditions are not reliable social guidelines to followers of Christ for they do not qualify to be divinely inspired. They pushed the idea of "Sola Scriptura" or the scripture alone as the source of divine revelation.